Resource

AI-Powered Scenario Planning: Simulating a 2025 Interest Rate Spike

Written by Johnnie Walker
Business Planning

As of June 2025, the Federal Reserve’s dot plot continues to signal a “higher-for-longer” rate environment—yet many companies still rely on financial models assuming a 2024 pivot. This disconnect is dangerous.

Static forecasts fail to account for today’s volatility, where a single Fed statement can swing borrowing costs by 50+ basis points overnight.

A 3% rate spike would ripple through businesses in three key ways:

  • Debt service costs for floating-rate loans could balloon, squeezing cash flow.

  • B2B customer purchasing power may erode, leading to extended payment terms.

  • Investor risk appetite could freeze, making refinancing or fundraising harder.

Traditional scenario planning takes weeks of manual modeling. Rooled’s AI partners can run 10,000 simulations in 20 minutes—identifying vulnerabilities and opportunities with precision.

Building the 2025 Rate Spike Model

Step 1: The Baseline Assumptions

Every model starts with your current financial DNA:

  • Debt structure (maturities, fixed vs. floating rates)

  • Customer payment term sensitivities (who pays on Day 30 vs. Day 90?)

  • Investor covenant thresholds (what triggers a default?)

Step 2: The Shock Variables

AI adjusts three levers simultaneously:

  1. Prime rate +300bps (matching 2023’s aggressive hikes)

  2. Customer churn +15% (simulating B2B spending pullbacks)

  3. AR collection days +20% (modeling late payments)

Step 3: Correlation Mapping

The real insight comes from how variables interact:

  • Higher rates → Tighter VC funding → Longer sales cycles

  • Slower collections → Higher revolver usage → More interest expense

One SaaS client discovered their $5M revolver would breach covenants 6 months earlier than expected under stress—a risk their static model missed entirely.

The 3 Most Overlooked Second-Order Effects

1. Hidden Refinancing Risk

AI flags “zombie debt” maturing in 2025–2026, modeling equity dilution needs if refinancing costs jump 400–500bps.

2. Customer Concentration Time Bombs

Identifies clients most likely to:

  • Renegotiate contracts (e.g., SaaS downgrades)

  • Stretch payables to 120+ days

  • Demand price concessions

3. Talent Market Impacts

Simulates:

  • 401(k) match costs if bond yields fall (increasing pension liabilities)

  • Commissions pressure from lengthened sales cycles

Rooled’s Rule: “First-order effects hurt. Second-order effects kill.”

Client-Tested Mitigation Strategies

Defensive Plays

  • Pre-fund 2025 debt maturities now while regional banks compete for deposits.

  • Renegotiate floating-rate terms to caps or fixed conversions.

  • Build AR reserves equal to 2–3 months of delayed payments.

Offensive Opportunities

  • Target competitors’ vulnerable customers (their cost of capital may be higher).

  • Acquire talent from over-levered rivals forced into layoffs.

  • Lock in capex ahead of potential supply chain disruptions.

One manufacturer used these simulations to secure fixed-rate financing pre-2023 hikes, gaining 11% market share as peers retrenched.

Implementing AI Scenario Planning

Phase 1: Risk Exposure Audit

A 2-week diagnostic of:

  • Debt stack vulnerabilities

  • Customer payment behavior shifts

  • Contractual triggers (MAC clauses, covenants)

Phase 2: Custom Model Build

Tailored to your:

  • Industry dynamics (e.g., SaaS vs. manufacturing)

  • Capital structure (venture debt, revolvers, etc.)

  • Growth stage (pre-IPO vs. bootstrapped)

Phase 3: Leadership War Games

Quarterly stress tests with:

  • Pre-scripted response protocols (e.g., which R&D projects to pause)

  • Investor comms templates for transparency

About the Author

Johnnie Walker

Co-Founder of Rooled, Johnnie is also an Adjunct Associate Professor in impact investing at Columbia Business School. Educated in business and engineering, he's held senior roles in the defense electronics, venture capital, and nonprofit sectors.